Dead-end filtration, also known as direct-flow or surface filtration, is a common approach in which the entire fluid stream is forced through the filter medium. This process is particularlyuseful in applications where a high level of particle removal is required.However, dead-end filtration has its drawbacks. A significant limitation is the tendency for the filter medium to become quickly clogged with particles.

The handheld portable water filter device provides a practical solution to the issue of membrane fouling, which occurs when impurities block the filter and reduce its effectiveness. The device is designed with a crossflow valve filtration system that allows water to flow parallel to the membrane surface, preventing the build-up of contaminants. This system also enables easy flushing, allowing users to remove deposited impurities and extend the lifespan of the filter. By maintaining consistent filtration performance and reducing maintenance needs, the device offers a reliable and long-lasting solution for accessing clean drinking water.

The innovation of this project lies in the integration of an advanced pumping mechanism within a compact handheld water filtration device. This mechanism propels water through the membrane unit, enabling a crossflow filtration process that maintains a continuous and efficient flow. By introducing water into the shell and directing it through the membrane, the system prevents the accumulation of impurities, significantly reducing the risk of membrane fouling. This engineering approach optimises filtration performance and extends the lifespan of the filter, setting it apart from conventional portable water purifiers. The successful incorporation of such a sophisticated system into a lightweight, user-friendly device represents a major step forward in portable water purification technology, making clean drinking water more accessible in outdoor, emergency, and remote settings.