The use of animal-based emulsifiers in various industries raises concerns due to high costs and limited, non-sustainable sources. Additionally, synthetic emulsifying agents may pose long-term health and environmental risks. At the same time, large amounts of oil palm biomass are being generated and remain underutilised, leading to waste accumulation and environmental burden. There is a pressing need for a safer, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative emulsifier derived from renewable resources.

The solution offered by this project is the production of a stable, non-toxic, plant-based emulsifying agent made from nano-lignin, extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). Using a mechanical homogeniser, the lignin is processed into a nano-sized form that functions effectively as an emulsifier in water-in-oil emulsions, without the need for additional chemical stabilisers. This provides a sustainable, halal-certified alternative to animal-based and synthetic emulsifiers, offering a safer and more environmentally friendly option for use in the food and related industries.

The innovation of this project lies in the development of a non-toxic, plant-based emulsifying agent derived from lignin extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), a lignocellulosic waste material. Using a mechanical homogeniser, stable nano-lignin particles are produced and applied directly as emulsifiers in water-in-oil emulsions, without the need for any additional stabilisers. This approach introduces a novel, halal-certified food additive that is sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, while also addressing the underutilisation of oil palm biomass.